What is Low Back Pain?

The lower back consists of the lower (lumbar) spine, which connects to the upper body. This part of the back gives us strength and mobility. 4 out of 5 adults will at some point have low back pain. It is the second most common cause of people missing work (only after the common cold). Lower back pain exists in 2 types. The first is called mechanical pain. This is the type of pain associated with disc, joint, ligament, and muscle problems or injuries. The second type of pain is compressive pain. This is associated with nerve roots in the spine that are pinched. These types of pain can initiate from irritated large nerve roots, small nerves, back muscles, bones, ligaments, and joints, and the intervertebral disc. Relief will come in about 2 weeks for 50% of those with low back pain. 90% of patients with this type of pain will have relief within 3 months. In about 5-10%, the pain will become chronic.

What causes Low Back Pain?

There are many causes of back pain. Often times it can be of a musculoskeletal nature and sometimes nerves can be involved. Many nerves exit the back to feed the legs and nerve involvement can cause numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness. The most popular causes of low back pain are strains and sprains. If the back muscles are not conditioned properly, or are overworked, that is considered a strain. If a tight or weak ligament sustains a strong force, that is called a sprain. Other conditions can factor in to the cause of low back pain such as poor conditioning, improper use, obesity, and smoking. Age can also be a natural cause of low back pain. While aging, there is a decreased amount of bone, and a decrease in the strength and elasticity of muscles and of ligaments.

How is Low Back Pain diagnosed?

The diagnosis of low back pain begins with a physical exam, usually of the spine and legs. Studies such as EMGs, X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and bone scans may be performed to diagnose some of the causes of low back pain.

How is Low Back Pain treated?

Some medications can be prescribed to eliminate the pain and inflammation associated with low back pain. Activity modification is usually the starting point to a healthy recovery. The best treatment is aimed at strengthening the muscles in the back and working to maintain that strength. Rehabilitation programs and surgery may also be needed in some instances of low back pain. Of course, the best treatment is to prevent the low back pain before it starts. This can be done by maintaining a regular exercise program, a healthy weight, proper posture, and by lifting and moving correctly.

More information on Low Back Pain

American Chronic Pain Association
American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Medical Multimedia Group
Spine-Health.com